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"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world”
– Nelson Mandela

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Module 3 Essay

Module 3 Essay

Q Instructions for M3 Theory Application Essay Each theory application essay looks at two aspects: 1) empirical testing of the theory 2) application of the theory to policy or practice in criminal justice. Part 1 Using Google Scholar or university library databases, find a recent empirical article (published within the last 10-15 years) that tests some aspect of one of the social ecology, social learning or subcultural theories as applied to criminal justice issues. Use one of the theories covered in Chapters 5 and 6 of the course textbook. This time, the task becomes progressively harder - I will not give you specific keywords since you are now well-equipped to choose your own. :) a. Copy and paste the article reference in APA format (click " button in Google Scholar or "Cite" button in library databases to obtain a reference). b. Explain how the authors measured the key theoretical concept that you chose to focus on (independent variable) and what type of crimes or delinquent behavior was measured as the outcome (dependent variable). c. In a nutshell, what were the results of this study? d. What do you think the results of this study imply for the theory (or a specific component of the theory)? Part 2 Write a short (2-3 paragraphs) essay discussing which criminal justice policy or program seems most compatible with a social ecology, social learning or subcultural theory of your choice and how specifically the key concepts and propositions of the theory align with or inform the main parts of the policy/program. Make sure to check www.CrimeSolutions.gov (Links to an external site.) for some programs similar to the one you are proposing and mention whether the program has been found effective, not effective, or promising! Clearly indicate Part 1 and Part 2 of your essay! Save the file as a Word document and upload it to the TurnItIn link below. TurnItIn is a system that checks for plagiarism so make sure you don't use any phrases or sentences from other sources (except for copying and pasting the article reference in APA format). PreviousNext

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In this article, Brownfield takes a study on how gang membership (independent variable) influences individuals to commit certain crimes. The crimes studied in the article include but are not limited to lack of respect towards the police, assault, weapon use, and cocaine use (dependent variables). Findings from the study imply that individuals in gangs are more likely to participate in the crimes named above (Brownfield, 2014). This implies that, indeed, the subcultural theory on gangs is correct. From the theory, the practice of individuals identifying together as a gang leads to a high tolerance of deviance, resulting in gang members' likelihood to be involved in criminal activities. Part 2 One policy program that can be adopted to end this practice is by educating and teaching individuals, especially youths, on joining gangs' adverse impacts. Youths, especially those from the middle and low class, are prone to joining gangs. This is due to the numerous challenges that they face in their lives. Therefore, conducting education programs to enlighten them on the adverse effects of joining gangs will go a great way in reducing gang influenced delinquency and criminal activity.